रविवार, 13 नवंबर 2011

Important Dates in Indian History

BC
3000-1500 Indus Valley Civilisation 576 Birth of Gautam Buddha
527
Birth of Mahavir
327-326
Alexander’s invasion of India. It opened a land route between India and Europe
313
Accession of Chandragupta Maurya according to Jain traditions
305
Defeat of Seleucus at the hands of Chandragupta Maurya
273-232
Ashoka’s reign
261
Conquest of Kalinga
145-101
Region of Elara, the Chola King of Sri Lanka
58
Beginning of Vikrami era

AD

78 Beginning of Saka era
120
Accession of Kanishka
320
Commencement of Gupta era. the golden age of Hindu India
380
Accession of Vikramaditya
405-411
Visit of Chinese traveller Fa-hien
415
Accession of Kumara Gupta I
455
Accession of Skando Gupta
606-647
Harshavardhan’s reign
712
First invasion in Sind by Arabs
836
Accession of King Bhoja of Kannauj
985
Accession of Rajaraja,the Chola ruler
998
Accession of Sultan Mahmud
1001
First invasion of India by Mahmud Chazni who defeated jaipal, ruler of Punjab
1025
Destruction of Somnath Temple by Mahmud Ghzni
1191
First Battle of Tarain
1192
Second Battle of Tarain
1206
Accession of Qutab-ud-din Aibak to the throne of Delhi
1210
Death of Qutub-ud-din Aibak
1221
Changes Khan invaded India (Mongol invasion)
1236
Accession of Razia Sultan to the throne of Delhi
1240
Razia Sultan dies
1296
Accession of Ala–ud-din Khilji
1316
Ala-ud-din Khilji dies
1325
Accession of Muhammad-bin Tughlaq
1327
Shifting of Capital from Delhi to Daulatabad to Deccan by the Tughlaqs
1336
Foundation of Vijayanagar empire in the South
1351
Accession of Feroze Shah
1398
Invasion of India by Timur Lang
1469
Birth of Gurunanak
1494
Accession of Babar in Farghana
1497-98
First voyage of Vasco da Gama to India( discovery of sea route to India via the Cape of Good Hope
1526
First Battle of Panipat, Babar defeated Ibrahim Lodhi; Foundation of Mughal rule by Babar
1527
Battle of Khanya’Babar defeated Rana Sanga
1530
Death of Babar and accession of Humayun
1539
Sher Shah Suri defeated Humayan and became India’s emperor
1540
Battle of Kannauj
1555
Humayan recaptured the throne of Delhi
1556
Second Battle of Panipat
1565
Battle of Talikota
1576
Battle of Haldighati; Rana Pratap defeated by Akbar
1582
Din-e-Illahi founded by Akbar
1597
Death of Rana Pratap
1600
East India Company established
1605
Death of Akbar and accession of Jehangir
1606
Execution of Guru Arjun Dev
1611
Jehangir marries Nur jahan.
1616
Sir Thomas Roe visits Jehangir
1627
Birth of Shivaji and death of Jehangir
1628
Shahjahan becomes emperor of India
1631
Death of Mumtaj Mahal
1634
The British permitted to trade in india in Bengal
1659
Accession of Aurangzeb, Shahjahan imprisoned
1665
Shivaji imprisoned by Aurangzeb
1666
Death of Shahjahan
1675
Execution of Teg Bahadur,the ninth Guru of Sikhs
1680
Death of Shivaji
1707
Death of Aurangzeb
1708
Death of Guru Gobind Singh
1739
Nadir Shah invades India
1757
Battle of Plassey, establishment of Britishn political rule in India at the hands of Lord Clive.
1761
Third Battle of Panipat;Shah Alam II becomes India’s emperor
1764
Battle of Buxar
1765
Clive appointed Company’s Governor in India
1767
-69 First Mysore war
1770
The great Bangal Famine
1780
Birth of Maharaja Ranjit Singh
1780-84
Second Mysore War
1784
Pitt’s Omdoa Act
1790-92
Third Mysore War
1793
The Permanent Settlement of Bengal
1799
Fourth Mysore War- Death of Tipu Sultan
1802
Treaty of Bassein
1809
Treaty of Amritsar
1829
Practice of Sati Prohibited
1830
Raja-Ram Mohun Roy, founder of Brahmo Samaj,visits England.
1833
Death of Raja Ram Mohun Roy.
1839
Death of Maharaj Ranjit Singh
1839-42
First Afghan War
1845-46
First Anglo-Sikh War
1852
Second Anglo-Burmese War
1853
First Railway line opened between Bombay and Thane and a Telegraph line in Calcutta
1857
The sepoy Mutiny or First War of Independence
1861
Birth of Rabindranath Tagore
1869
Birth of Mahatma Gandhi
1885
Foundation of Indian National Congress
1889
Birth of Jawaharlal Nehru
1897
Birth of Subhash Chandra Bose
1904
Tibet Expedition
1905
First partition of Bengal under Lord Curzon
1906
Foundation of Muslim League
1911
Delhi Darbar;King and Queen visit India;Delhi becomes the capital of India
1916
World War 1 begins
1916
Lucknow Pact signed by Muslim League and Congress
1918
World War 1 ends
1919
Montague-Chelmsfor Reforms introduced,Jallianwala Bagh massacreat Amritsar
1920
Khilafar Movement launched
1927
Boycott of Simon Commission,broadcasting started in India
1928
Death of lal Lajpat Rai ( Sher-e-Punjab)
1929
Lord Orwaom’s Pact, resolution of complete independence passed at Lahore Congress
1930
Civil Disobedience Movement launched;Dandi March by Mahatma Gandhi(April 6, 1970 )
1931
Gandhi-Irwin Pact
1935
Government of India Act enacted
1937
Provincial Autonomy,Congress forms ministers
1939
World War II begins (September i )
1941
Death of Rabindranath Tagore, escape of Subhash Chandra Bose from India
1942
Arrival of Cripps Mission in India, ‘Quit India’ movement launched (Aug.8)
1943-44
Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose forms provincial Azad Hindu Hukumat and Indian National Army, Bengal famine
1945
Trial of Indian National Army at Red Fort;Shimla Conference World War II ends
1946
British Cabinet Mission visits India; Interim Government formed at the Centre,
1947
Division of India; India and Pakistan form separate independent dominions
1948
Mahatma Gandhi assassinated (Jan.30); integration of princely states.
1949
Cease-fire in Kashmir,indian Constitution signed and adopted(Nov.26)
1950
India becomes a Sovereign Democratic Republic (Jan.26)and Constitution of India comes into force
1951
First Five-year Plan.First Asian Games held in Delhi
1952
First General Elections of the Lok Sabha
1953
Conquest of Mt.Everest by Tenzing Norgay and Sir Edmund Hillary
1956
Second Five-Year Plan launched
1957
Second General Elkections;decimal coinage introduced,
Liberation of Goa.
1962
Third General Elections in India; Chinese attack on India (Dec 20 )
1963
Nagaland becomes the 16th indian State
1964
Death of Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru
1965
Pakistan attacks India
1966
Tashkent Pact;Death of Lal Bahadur Shastri; Mrs. Indira Gandhi elected Prime Minister of India.
1967
Fourth General Elections;Dr Zakir Hussain elected the third president of India
1969
V.V.Giri elected President of India, Nationalisation of the leading banks by Presidential ordinance.
1970
Meghalaya designated as autonomous state.
1971
Himachal Pradesh becomes a State;Indo-Pak War, Bangladesh is born
1972
Shimla agreement;Death of C.Rajagopalachari
1973
Mysore State renamed Karnataka
1974
India explodes a nuclear device; Fakhuruddin Ali Ahmed elected as fifth President Sikkim becomes on associate State of India
1975
India launches ‘Aryabhata’; Sikkim becomes 22nd State of the Indian Union; State of Emergency is declared
1976
India and China establish diplomatic relations
1977
Sixth General Elections; Janata Party gets majority in Lok Sabha; Neelam Sanjiva Reddy elected sixth President of India
1979
Morarji Desai resigns as Prime Minister,Charan Singh becomes Prime Minister;Charan Singh resigns ( Aug 20 ) Sixth Lok Sabha dissolved
1980
Seventh General Elections;Congress I comes to power;Mrs Indira Gandhi sworn in as Prime Minister; Sanjay Gandhi dies in an air crash, India Launches SLV-3 into space carrying Rohini Satellite
1982
Longest bridge in Asia opened ( March 2 ); Acharya J.B. Kripalani dies ( March 19) INSAT.1A launched; Giani Zail Singh elected President of India (July 15) Over 500 persons killed in Gujarat Cyclone ( Nov.5); Acharua Vinobha dies (Nov 15) IX Asian Games inaugurated (Nov 19)
1983
CHOGM held in New Delhi
1984
Operation Blue Star in Punjab; Rakesh Sharma goes into space; Mrs. Indira Gandhi assassinated; Rajiv Gandhi becomes PM
1985
Rajiv-Longowal accord signed; Sant H.S. Longowal killed elections in Punjab; Assam accord; VII Five-Year Plan launched 1986 Mizoram accord.
1987
R.Venkataraman elected President; Shankar Dayal Sharma elected Vice-President of India, Bofors gun and Fairfax controversies
1989
Ram Shilanyas Puja at Ayodhyat; India’s first IRBM ‘ Agni’ successfully launched from Orissa (May 22); Trishul Missile test fised (June 5); Second successful launch of Prithvi (Sept 27); Rajiv Government loses poll and resigns (Nov.29); Jawahar Rozgar Yojna launched (Nov.29);National front leader V.P. Singh sworn in as seventh PM, New cabinet sworn in (Dec.2), Ninth Lok Sabha constituted
1990
Last of IPKF return home (March 25); Indian Airlines A-320 Airbus Crash (Feb. 14); Janata Dal splits; BJP withdraws support to the Government;Advani takes out Rath Yatra and is arrested, Mandal Report implemented announced by V.P. Singh Violence in Ayodhya due to Ram Janam Bhoomi-Babri Masjid dispute
1991
Gulf War breaks out (Jan. 17); Rajiv Gandhi assassinated (May 21); X Lok Sabha constituted (June 20); P. V. Narasimha Rao becomes Prime Minister
1992
India establishes full diplomatic ties with Israel (Jan. 29); Bharat Ratna and Oscar winner Satyajit Ray dies (April 23); S.D.Sharma elected President (July 25); INS Shakti-first indigeneously built submarine was launched on Feb. 7
1993
Ordinance to acquire 67.33 acres in Ayodhya (Jan 7); Massive security falls in BJP rally; Wave of bombing leaves 300 dead in Bombay; Insat-2B becomes fully operational; Earthquake in Maharashtra
1994
Government monopoly over civil aviation ends; Storm over GATT treaty;Plague outbreak; Sushmita Sen-Miss Universe; Aishwarya Rai-Miss World
1995
Mayawati First Dalit Chief Minister of UP; BJP comes to power in Maharashtra and Gujarat, Janata Dal in Karnataka and Congress in Orissa; Indian National Congress (T) formed; President’s Rule in UP after fall of Mayawati; INSAT 2C and IRSI-C launched
1996
Hawala takes toll of several Union Ministers ans opposition leaders; PSLV D3 launched on March 21 with IRSP-3 ushering new era in India space programme; Eleventh Lok Sabha Elections held on April 127-BJP emerges as the single largest party
1997
On August 15, India celebrated its 50th year of Independence
1998
Death of Mother Teressa; Atal Behari Vajpayee becomes Indian Prime Minister; India explodes its second nuclear device (Pokhran II)
1999
India Airlines plane IC-814 hijacked by terrorists and taken to Kandahar, Afghanistan, on Dec 24, 1999. Three militants released by Indian govt.for the freedom of hostages kept as passengers. In June 1999, Flt. Lt. K. Nachiketa, the captured Indian pilot, released by Pakistan after eight days of captivity. ‘Operation Vijay’ launched by Indian Army to flush out Pakistani infiltrators inside LoC in the Kargil sector of J&K, India wins battle.
2000
 US President Bill Clinton visits India during March 2000. Three new states Chhatisgarh, Uttaranchal and Jharkhand created.India’s population crossed one billion mark.
2001
‘Agra Summit’ between India and Pakistan in July 2001; Worst natural calamity of India: Gujarat Earthquake in Jan 2001; ‘Tehelka.Com’ screened video tapes which opened the murky world of arms deal and its kickbacks to Indian Army officials, ministers and politicians in March 2001; VI th census of India (since Independence) concluded in March 2001. Enron bids farewall to Indian energy sector in August 2001; GSLV
launched successfully in April 2001 and PSLC-C3 launch conducted in October 2001.
2002
 71-year old missile scientist, Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam, is elected President of India; One of the most harrific communal roits in recent history, the Godhra Incident, happens on Feb 27, 2002 in Gujarat;National Water Policy announced in April, which aims at integrating water resources develpment and management for optimal and sustainable utilisation.
2003
 Formation of Strategic Forces Command (SFO) and the Nuclear Command Authority (NCA) by India; Air Marshal Teja Mohan Asthana named first commander in chief of the SFC; Advanced multi purpose satellite, INSAT-3A is successfully launched into space from Kourou of French Guyana; CBI forms an Economic Intelligence Wing to tackle white-collar crime in June; India’s adnaced communication satellite INSAT-3E is launched by an European rocket from the spaceport of Kourou of French Guyana in December
2004
NDA government ousted by the Congress and its allies in the General Election; Congress President Ms Sonia Gandhi opts against becoming Prime Minister of India despite being in a strong position; Congress and its allies forms government at the centre under the Prime Ministership of Dr. Manmohan Singh.

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